Factors That Contribute to GERD Symptoms
Diet and lifestyle
Studies have shown a relationship between the food a person eats and symptoms of GERD. A diet high in fat, for example, has been shown to have a positive association with symptoms of GERD. Other studies suggest that eating spicy and fried foods, as well as drinking alcohol, often lead to heartburn.1 Counseling patients on making healthy dietary choices may help to mitigate these symptoms. It may also be helpful to discuss strategies for reducing stress with patients, as stress may contribute to GERD symptoms.
Obesity
About two-thirds of the US population 20 years and older are overweight or obese, with the prevalence steadily increasing among men and women.2 Research has shown that being overweight or obese is a risk factor for GERD symptoms.3-6 Theories suggest that excess body fat compressing the stomach and/or the presence of hiatal hernias may be the reason why obesity is a risk factor for GERD, but more research is required.
We do know that as the BMI (body mass index) rises, so does the incidence of GERD symptoms . . .
- The risk of reflux symptoms doubles for patients who are overweight (BMI 25 to 30)4
- The risk triples for patients who are obese (BMI >30)4
Patients with a BMI ≥30 have 2x greater frequency of heartburn and regurgitation.5
Click below to calculate your patients’ BMIs with this easy-to-use tool.
Smoking1,7
Smoking can weaken the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a valve at the end of the esophagus that helps keep stomach acid in the stomach. If the LES is weakened, stomach acid can enter the esophagus. Smoking can also slow down the clearance of acid from the esophagus by decreasing salivary bicarbonate secretion. In addition, smoking may increase the production of stomach acid, thus increasing the chance of acid being refluxed into the esophagus. Counseling patients about quitting smoking may be an important part of a GERD treatment regimen.
